The Spanish Civil War, which began in July 1936, appears in the book’s historical notes as a turning point in Spain’s political history: the conflict ended with victory for Franco’s Nationalists and the establishment of a fascist regime.

Background and Outbreak

The note places the war after the end of the Second Spanish Republic and the founding of the Falange by José Antonio, the eldest son of Miguel Primo de Rivera. It reports that both of Primo de Rivera’s sons were imprisoned and executed when the war began, connecting the family’s political history to the conflict’s outbreak.

Outcome

The Nationalists, led by Franco, won the war and established a fascist regime. The note thus presents the conflict not only as a civil war but also as the route to a decisive change in Spain’s government.